China

= CHINA =



**Social and Political Events**

The Taiping Rebellion
 * Originates 1850
 * Started with Hakka minority in Guangdong-Guangxi region
 * Lasts 13 years
 * teaches egalitarian (sharing wealth) Christianity with Chinese Characteristics
 * Opium outlawed

Who Benefits and How
 * This is the very beginning of a movement away from the imperial style of governance in China (Benefits Chinese Nationalist and anyone wanting a weakening of the Qing dynasty)

Negative Consequences Taiping Rebellion "The Taiping Rebellion - China Culture." //History - China Culture//. Web. 23 Aug. 2011. .
 * 20 Million people dead
 * Military Campaigns on both sides are ruthless
 * Qing dynasty starts to lose power in some of its provinces.

Boxer Rebellion
 * Originates 1891-1901
 * Started in Shandong province
 * A patriotic rebellion in support of the Qing Dynasty
 * In response to Foreign involvement in China (specifically Germans in Shandong province who had a number of military campaigns to pacify the Chinese around their coal mines and along railway tracks) and Christianities growth in China.
 * The Qing Government (lead by Cixi) joining the rebellion and declared war of the foreigner powers in China.
 * Eventually a group of foreign countries grouped together and defeated the imperial army and captured Beijing.
 * The Qing Govenment was forced to pay a large sum of money to these foreign countries.

Who Benefits and How?
 * Foreign countries again show their military superiority while increasing the opening up of China’s economy.
 * Chinese groups against the Qing dynasty (Nationalist). The dynasty is shown to be weak and desperate.

Negative Consequences
 * China, specifically, the Qing Dynasty needs to pay foreign countries what amounts to more then their annual tax revenue.
 * Many Chinese Christian are killed or intimidated by those who joined the Boxer Rebellion.

Boxers with captured foreigners, Chinese print, 1900. // Boxer Rebellion //. Photograph. //Encyclopedia Britannica Online//. Web. 23 Aug. 2011. < [] >.

The empress dowager Cixi, //c.// 1904, late Qing dynasty, China //Cixi//. Photograph. //Encyclopedia Britannica Online//. Web. 23 Aug. 2011. <[]>

End of Qing Dynasty
 * 1912 the twelve year old Emperor abdicates from his throne
 * End 2000 years of Imperial rule in China
 * Sun Yat Sen is declared the new President of The Republic of China
 * Beginning of the Warlord peroid in China

Who Benefits and Why?

Negative Consequences



China during the late Qing dynasty. //Qing dynasty: late Qing dynasty//. Map/Still. //Encyclopedia Britannica Online//. Web. 23 Aug. 2011. <[]>.



Sun Yat-sen (Sun Zhongshan). // Sun Yat-sen //. Photograph. //Encyclopedia Britannica Online//. Web. 23 Aug. 2011. < [] >.

Treaty Ports (Foreign trading posts) and Opium
 * United Kingdom, Japan, Germany, France, Austro-Hungary, Italy, Russia all have trading companies with special rights on the coast of China.
 * Britain especially started to rely on trading opium for tea and silks

Who Benefits and Why

Negative Consequences

http://www.chinaspree.com/images/history/12.jpg

-The 19th century Opium Wars asserted Britain's dominance over China. Britain was 'controlling' China's progress as a result of China's dependence.

http://kaixin.com.au/storage/QingDividingChina.jpg

The Effects of Trade and Imperialism on China

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"CNN Millennium 9-5 China & The Opium Wars in the 19th Century (1800s) - YouTube." //YouTube - Broadcast Yourself.//1999. Web. 23 Aug. 2011. <@http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AgqbInNM-8k>.

Technology

Railway Building
 * The first railway was built in 1876 by Jardine and Matheson between Shanghai and Woosung. The Qing dynasty bought it in 1877 and ripped it up.
 * After the Sino-Japanese war of 1895 the Qing dynasty recognized the strength of having a railway system. Many foreigner countries had won rights to treaty ports in China and built their own railways. The Qing dynasty had become weak and poor but still tried to build its own railways as well.

Benefits
 * Shipping of goods to and from treaty ports done easily. (Increase in commerce)
 * Allows individuals and armies to move around China far more quickly.

Negative Consequences
 * Foreigners have a strong economic foothold in China which allows them to dictate special rules and laws.
 * Foreigners continue to sell Opium in China in exchange for goods. This leads to increased opium use in China.
 * At first the Qing dynasty was against the building of railways and this slowed the process in China

= CHINA 1900-1901. DIPLOMATIC REFUGEES LOADING THEIR BELONGINGS UPON A TRAIN IN PEKING. TAKEN DURING THE BOXER REBELLION, 1900-1901 =

"CHINA 1900-1901. DIPLOMATIC REFUGEES LOADING THEIR BELONGINGS UPON A TRAIN IN PEKING. TAKEN DURING THE BOXER REBELLION, 1900-1901 | Flickr - Photo Sharing!" //Welcome to Flickr - Photo Sharing//. Web. 26 Aug. 2011. .

Industrialization in Major Ports
 * Many industries grew in the major ports of China, especially in the treaty ports.
 * Much of the industry had partnerships with foreigner companies.

Benefits
 * Industrialization increased the standard of living of some of the people living in cities.
 * Some Chinese families built enormous fortunes based on industrialization. Including the Soongs in Shanghai.

Negative Consequences
 * Very little industrialization happened beyond the coast.
 * Even in major coastal cities very little industrialization in comparison with the Western Europe, North America and Japan
 * Many Chinese including the Qing dynasty see industrialization as a movement away from the traditional Chinese way of life and are against it.